What is graphic design?

An introduction to graphic design

If you’re not placing utmost importance on graphic design within your business, you’re doing it wrong. You see, graphic design is responsible for communicating tailored messages, establishing brand identity, attracting target audiences, and enhancing usability, all of which are vital for the future success of your business.

If you don’t know a lot about graphic design, including the reasons why it is important for any business, then you’re in luck. We’ve written this practical guide to tell you all there is to know about this practice.

What is Graphic Design?

• 1. Graphic design definition
• 2. The basic principles of graphic design
• 3. Types of graphic design
• 4. The importance of graphic design in business
• 5. Common graphic design jobs

1. Graphic design definition

Graphic design uses visual and textual elements such as typography, photography, iconography, and illustration to communicate ideas or messages, which therefore influence our perceptions. It is most commonly utilized for projects, events, campaigns, or products, and aims to help the producer connect with their target consumer through these visual and textual cues.

Common examples of graphic design work you might see every day include:

• Marketing materials, such as flyers, brochures, and posters
• Product packaging and labels
• Website layouts
• Infographics
• Web and social media advertisements
• T-shirt and apparel designs
• Magazines, newspapers, and catalogs

Graphic design can be broken down as serving two important functions: creating aesthetics that maximize usability and creating visuals that shape users’ emotions. Let’s look at each of these in more depth below.

Graphic design creates aesthetics that maximize usability

On the surface, graphic design is about attracting a target audience using visual elements such as graphics, color, and typography, however, the craft must also take into consideration one vital element: user experience. This is particularly true for those working in the field of user experience (UX) design, as they must take on a human-centered approach with their work.

Along with considering the visual appeal of graphics, designers must aim to maximize usability to ensure what they design also serves a purpose. This means not only considering how a button on a sales page, for example, must look stylistically (including color, shape, outline, size, etc.), but also where it should be placed on the page to enhance both the user’s experience and conversion rates. Therefore, graphic design must consider a user’s visual processing abilities too.

Graphic design creates visuals that shape users’ emotions

Graphic design also has strong ties with emotional design, as designers must take a viewer’s emotions, expectations, and beliefs into consideration when creating visuals. This is where color theory comes into play, as the chosen color palette will not only convey certain messages to a viewer but influence their emotional response to the design too. For example, red is a color that is often seen to signify danger or an alert, whereas blue is associated with the ocean and sky, and therefore encourages a more tranquil response.

Graphic design therefore must use elements, including typography, that match the tone of the piece and shape a user’s emotions as they interact with the overall design from start to finish. Essentially, graphic design is also about making design considerations with user psychology in mind.

As you can see, graphic design differs from visual arts in the fact that it doesn’t just concentrate on beauty; but rather, it ensures beauty and usability go hand-in-hand.

2. The basic principles of graphic design

Now that you know what graphic design is, it’s important to learn the elements and principles that makeup design, as these serve a vital role within the field.

The elements of graphic design include:

• Color
• Size
• Shape
• Line
• Form
• Texture
• Space

These elements can be used in combination or contrast to each other in order to create visuals that are eye-catching and highly effective.

The basic principles of graphic design include:

• Contrast
• Balance
• Rhythm
• Emphasis
• Movement
• Proportion

Think of these as a set of guidelines that help a designer to achieve the perfect composition in a piece.

3. Types of graphic design

As you’ve probably realized by now, graphic design is quite broad. Although it contains a set of general ‘rules’ or guidelines, the industry is made up of several specializations, each focusing on a different type of graphic design.

Let’s look at the various types of graphic design in more detail.

Visual identity graphic design

A brand identity is the collection of elements a business uses to portray its desired image to the consumer, including its:

• logo
• color palette
• typography
• other visual elements

This is where visual identity graphic design comes into play, as it is responsible for designing the elements that form the brand’s visual identity.

Visual identity graphic designers will often create a set of brand guidelines (or ‘style guides’) that help to establish visual brand consistency across marketing or branding assets into the future. The visual identity of a brand is extremely important, which is why this sub-category is the most common type of graphic design.

Marketing and advertising graphic design

Graphic design helps organizations promote and communicate their brand, products, and services in a more effective, visual manner. Marketing and advertising graphic design include:

• magazine ads
• vehicle wraps
• flyers
• brochures
• billboards
• web banners
• social media ads
• postcards
• trade show displays

User interface graphic design

A user interface refers to the things a person uses to interact with a device or application, including the keyboard, screen, or mouse. Therefore, when we refer to user interface graphic design, this involves the user’s visual experience with the interface and its design, such as the buttons, menus, and more.  Although a user interface must have technical functionality, it’s equally as important for it to have an aesthetic appeal that makes it enjoyable and easy to operate.

Examples of user interface graphic design include:

• Web page design
• Desktop app design
• Game interfaces
• Mobile app design
• Theme design, such as for WordPress, Shopify, Squarespace, etc.

Publication graphic design

Publication graphic design is the application of graphic design elements and principles to long-form pieces that are publicly distributed to communicate with an audience. Examples include:

• Books
• Magazines
• Newspapers
• Catalogs
• Newsletters
• Reports
• Directories

Although publication graphic design once solely referred to print mediums, it now also refers to digital forms of publishing, an area that has dramatically increased in popularity within the last decade alone.

Packaging graphic design

Packaging graphic design is built on the belief that every protective casing for a product can be an opportunity to delight consumers and tell the brand’s story. It includes choices in:

• Material
• Form
• Texture
• Graphics
• Colors
• Fonts

It aims to provide consumers with a sensual experience and engage them through sight, touch, sound, smell, and/or taste, depending on the product. Additionally, good packaging design should be able to convey the answers to the following questions, all within a glance:

• What is the product?
• Who is the product for?
• How and why are people buying the product?

Motion graphic design

As the term suggests, motion graphics just refers to graphics that are moving (or in motion). This can include animation, typography, video, illustrations, and other design elements that are used in online media, television, and film. Common examples include:

• Lyric videos
• Title sequences and end credits
• Animated logos
• Video games
• GIFs
• Tutorial videos
• Banners

It takes the core components of graphic design, including its elements and principles, and adds movement to it. The aim is that through adding movement, it keeps the viewer engaged visually for longer, all while effectively illustrating an idea or message to them.

Environmental graphic design

Environmental graphic design is a broad area of design that merges graphic, architectural, interior, landscape, and industrial design. Its main goal is to improve people’s experiences within their environment by making them more memorable, fascinating, helpful, or easier to navigate.

Examples include:

• Wall murals
• Signage
• Interiors of retail stores, event spaces, offices, etc.
• Museum exhibitions
• Public transport navigation
• Interactive displays

Ultimately, environmental graphic design provides visual cues that help people not only identify where they are but also get from their current destination to their desired destination without confusion.

Art and illustration for graphic design

While graphic design involves the use of art and illustration, it’s important to note that these disciplines still remain separate. This is because, while graphic designers create and assemble visual pieces to communicate messages or enhance an individual’s experience, artists and illustrators create original artwork for purposes such as decoration, fine art, or storytelling.

Art and illustration, however, are often created for commercial use within graphic design and can be found in advertisements, packaging, branding, and marketing materials. Therefore, it is vital to include these mediums within this section.

4. The importance of graphic design in business

There’s no denying how vital graphic design is for businesses, especially in today’s fast-paced, visually-driven society. Research indicates that:

• 90% of the information transmitted in the human brain is visual
• 65% of the population are classified as ‘visual learners’
• Visuals are processed 60,000 times faster than text

To understand the critical importance graphic design plays in a business, it’s helpful to look at exactly which areas of a business rely on the practice.

Logo design

Your logo is what separates your business from its competitors and it’s the most important design asset you have representing your brand. It’s often the first thing a target customer will see in relation to your company and therefore has the ability to set a great first impression and persuade them to do business with you. While typography plays a vital role in the success of your logo, so too does its color palette. Graphic design utilizes color theory to ensure your logo’s color palette communicates the right message to the right audience and evokes the emotions you want them to feel when interacting with your brand.