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Gemstones are minerals or organic materials that are cut and polished to be used in jewelry, art, or other adornments. They are valued for their beauty, rarity, and durability.
How are gemstones formed?
- Gemstones are formed deep within the earth and brought to the surface by volcanic eruptions.
- Some gemstones crystallize from hot fluids and gases as they cool and solidify.
- Other gemstones form when rocks are heated and pressurized by earth movements.
What are some examples of gemstones?
diamond, zircon, topaz, tourmaline, aquamarine, garnet, jade, opal, amber, and jet.
How are gemstones valued?
- The value of a gemstone depends on its rarity, properties, and demand.
- Some gemstones, like diamonds and sapphires, are likely to always be popular.
- Other gemstones, like peridot and amethyst, have varied in popularity over the centuries.
How are gemstones mined?
After they are mined, they usually go to a lapidary for final cleaning.
There are multiple matches for gemshop, including a gemstone shop on Amazon, a gemstone shop on Instagram, and a gemstone shop on Etsy.
Gemstones are mined from the Earth’s crust, which is made up of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rock.
Gemstone shops
- Gems Shop: Sells gemstones like bloodstone on Amazon
- Mahir Gems Shop: Sells natural gemstones on Instagram
- Aarohigemsshop Gemsshop: Sells gemstone beads on Etsy and Pinterest
- Raj Gems: Sells natural gemstone beads necklaces
Gemstone shops on social media
- @mahir.gemsshop: An Instagram account that sells natural gemstones
- @gemsshop1: An Instagram account that sells gemstones and ships worldwide
Gemstones on Etsy
- Gems Shop: Sells gemstones like opals on Etsy
Tips for buying gemstones
- Natural gemstones may have color and texture variations.
- Some gemstone shops cut their own cabochons by hand.
- The bottom of a gemstone cabochon may have a slight bevel cut to reduce the chance of chipping.
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Gems have many properties, including their color, hardness, and how they interact with light.
Physical properties
- Hardness: How resistant a gem is to scratching. The Mohs scale measures hardness using 10 minerals with predetermined hardness.
- Specific gravity: A gem’s density compared to water at 4°C. Denser gems are heavier.
- Cleavage: How a gem breaks along specific planes to create smooth surfaces.
- Refractive index: How much light bends as it passes through a gem. This contributes to a gem’s sparkle.
- Optical phenomena: How a gem interacts with light, including color change, iridescence, and fluorescence.
- Crystal systems: The arrangement of atoms within a gem, which determines its physical properties.
Other properties
- Color: The color of the gem
- Luster: The way the gem shines
- Inclusions: Whether the gem contains other materials, such as white flecks in snowflake obsidian
- Durability: How resistant a gem is to corrosion, chemicals, shock, and light
Identifying gemstones
Gemologists use a refractometer to measure a gem’s refractive index, which helps identify the gem.
Gemstones are classified as precious or semi-precious based on their rarity and quality. The precious stones are diamond, ruby, emerald, and sapphire.
Precious stones
- Diamond: A colorless, hard stone with a hardness of 10 on the Mohs scale
- Ruby: A precious stone
- Emerald: A precious stone
- Sapphire: A precious stone
Semi-precious stones
- Other gemstones, which are not as rare or high quality as precious stones
Other materials used in jewelry
- Rocks like opal and lapis lazuli
- Organic materials like amber, jet, and pearl
Factors that affect gemstone value
- Rarity: The scarceness of a gemstone
- Beauty: The color, luster, and shine of a gemstone
- Durability: The hardness of a gemstone
How gemstones are formed
- Sapphires and emeralds are formed when metamorphic events change the mineral composition and structure of rocks
- Pearls are made by mollusks in a biodeposition process
- Amber is fossilized tree resin
- Opals are formed from hydrated silica